In philosophy, a razor is a principle that allows one to eliminate unlikely explanations for a phenomenon.

- Occam's razor: Simpler explanations are more likely to be correct; avoid unnecessary or improbable assumptions.
- Hanlon's razor: Never attribute to malice that which can be adequately explained by stupidity.
- Hume's guillotine: What ought to be cannot be deduced from what is.
- Hitchens' razor: "What can be asserted without evidence can be dismissed without evidence."
- Newton's flaming laser sword: If something cannot be settled by experiment or observation, then it is not worthy of debate.
- Sagan standard: Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.

The Incas lacked the use of wheeled vehicles. They lacked animals to ride and draft animals that could pull wagons and plows... [They] lacked the knowledge of iron and steel... Above all, they lacked a system of writing... Despite these supposed handicaps, the Incas were still able to construct one of the greatest imperial states in human history.

Example :
- During World War II, some United States soldiers in the Pacific theater used the word lollapalooza as a shibboleth to challenge unidentified persons, on the premise that Japanese people often pronounce the letter L as R or confuse Rs with Ls. In Oliver Gramling's Free Men are Fighting: The Story of World War II (1942) the author notes that, in the war, Japanese spies would often approach checkpoints posing as American or Filipino military personnel. A shibboleth such as "lollapalooza" would be used by the sentry, who, if the first two syllables come back as rorra, would "open fire without waiting to hear the remainder".
- During the Allied breakout from the Normandy beachheads in 1944, hand-to-hand fighting occurred throughout the hedgerows and thick undergrowth of the Norman countryside. British and American troops were told to use the word "Thunderer" as a countersign through the thick foliage. Given the number of syllables and the leading "th" sound, it was believed that the word would invariably be mispronounced by native German speakers.
(MANY others on the linked page)

For those interested in the french definition + spelling :
- https://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/shiboleth
- https://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/schibboleth

Spoiler alert : some are about sex, farts, and even "your mom" :-D

"I grew up in Toronto and I lived on a street called Hazleton and there was a recording studio Nimbus 9 and my mother was in costume design. She was in rock and roll and she was in the business and they had friends and he had friends and Alice Cooper, I'm told, babysat me. I mean I don't know how that could possibly happen, but it did," said the actor.

Read More: Keanu Reeves on the Time Alice Cooper Babysat for Him | https://loudwire.com/keanu-reeves-alice-cooper-babysat-fake-poo-fridge/?utm_source=tsmclip&utm_medium=referral

TIL about chlorine trifluoride, a substance which can burn virtually everything (e.g. sand, ash, asbestos) while letting off clouds of highly-corrosive superheated acid. Also, the acid is poisonous.

see also :
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine_trifluoride
- https://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2008/02/26/sand_wont_save_you_this_time
- demonstration : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4l56AfUTnQ
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dAhiqGZCwNQ
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ckSoDW2-wrc

Lady Liberty’s classic stature, face, and attire come from the Roman goddess Libertas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertas), who also represents freedom from tyranny and oppression.

... and here is how it works.

For those who feel concerned about this : "the radiation from smoke detectors is negligible in comparison to other sources of radiation, so they should be considered safe."

Uranus was initially named "Georges" (after King George III, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom) when discovered in 1781.